Greek philosophers
Anaximandros
Anaximandros was a Greek philosopher who was born in Miletus (Asia Minor) around 610 BC and was a representative of the so-called Miletus School. He died around 546 BC.
Together with his teacher Thalethes, Anaximandros is one of the founders of philosophy as an independent science. On the moon, the crater Anaximander is named after him.
Not much has survived about Anaximander's life. According to him, the world does not originate from a single parchment (water or air), but worlds arise and cease by separating opposites from the divine unlimited. From this balance everything (heat, cold, wet, dry, etc.) comes. This "unlimited" is constantly in motion.
According to Anaximander, the Earth is a stone cylinder in air space, but at the beginning of its creation the Earth was fluid and floated freely in space. Then it dried up, and thanks to the celestial fire the first animals and plants came into existence. They were born in water and after ascending to land, humans evolved from them.
The first to consider the Earth as a separate cosmic body. He was even to claim that the earth was round.
He considered the stars as a ring of fire around the earth. He even constructed a model of the sky, with the Earth at its center.
He also created simple rules of gravity, a map of the world (following Babylonian patterns), and a sundial.